stock here: They made Floyd, a murdering drug dealing POS, into a saint, whilst they burnt the cities.

https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2021/april/andrew-wilson-barabbas-story-prisoner-swap.html

stock here, have long been a fan and follower of Jung.

stock here, I was surprised to see this cogent summation of current events by Israel News.

https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/394424

• Israel National News
• Opeds
• The Media still shilling for the Left

The Media still shilling for the Left

Watch for yourself. In fact, take notes. There is a remarkable absence of originality in today’s political reportage. It’s all a tired repetition of talking points and leftist propaganda that the anchors and reporters have received beforehand and have literally been commanded to utilize at the risk of their jobs.Op-ed.

Joan Swirsky

Published: Aug 11, 2024, 7:23 AM (GMT+3)

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MediaLeftist GroupsJoan Swirsky

• 2 minutes

CNN building (illustrative)iStock

Joan Swirsky is a New York based journalist and author. Her website is www.joanswirsky.com and she can be reached at joanswirsky.com.

About seven years ago, I wrote about the degree to which the American media were just about an arm of the Democratic National Committee, so abjectly servile were they to the DNC’s philosophy. My reporting was based on the formidable work of ace journalist Ashley Lutz, who scrupulously documented her findings in a Business Insider report.

Lutz reported that in 1983, there were 50 media companies, but early in this century, as well as today, only six organizations are responsible for 90 percent or more of all the “news” we read, watch, and listen to! They include:

• GE (Comcast, NBC, Universal Pictures, Focus Features, et al)
• NewsCorp (Fox News, Wall St. Journal, NY Post, et al)
• Disney (ABC, ESPN, Pixar, Miramax, Marvel Studios, et al)
• Viacom (MTV, Nick Jr., BET, CMT, Paramount Pictures, et al)
• Time Warner (CNN, HBO, TIME, Warner Bros., et al)
• CBS (Showtime, Smithsonian Channel, NFL.com, Jeopardy, 60 Minutes, et al).

What happened?

It used to be that, of those six gigantic corporations, only one of them was politically conservative—specifically, Rupert Murdoch’s NewsCorp. The rest were uniformly left or far-left propaganda machines.

Why? Because their bosses—Chief Executive Officers and billionaire owners—were all globalists, idealogues who fervently, passionately, megalomaniacally, and narcissistically believed and believe to this very nanosecond that it is they, these self-appointed Masters of the Universe, who should be running the world, and not the idiotic morons who continue to procreate, take up valuable space, drive gasoline-fueled cars, and waste fortunes of money on antiquated concepts like religion, the belief in two-parent families, the value of the 1st and second amendment rights of free speech and gun ownership, and so on.

And then, in 2015, Murdoch ceded a great deal of control of NewsCorp to his RINO son Lachlan and his leftist son James, who have moved their most reliable conservative media outlets significantly to the left, although not completely. Follow the money!

This is how it works:

Ms. Wide-Eyed Idealist and Mr. Upward-Mobility apply for jobs at their local or national radio or TV stations or newspapers, or maybe they “know someone” who facilitates an interview that leads to their being hired. A good example of the latter is the nice enough but remarkably untalented Chelsea Clinton, who landed an astronomically high-paying job with NBC that, mercifully for viewers, lasted about a minute.

Once hired, these wannabe journalists are thrilled to be on their way until they learn that their bosses don’t give a damn about anything they think, believe, want to convey to a hungry public. For most media employees, it soon becomes clear that they are expected—indeed, mandated—to reflect and convey the belief systems of their employers.

If they don’t do that, they are completely dispensable! One example is Alysin Camerota of CNN. When she was at Fox, she was Ms. Reliable-Fair-and-Balanced. But the very millisecond she moved to CNN, she became as rabidly partisan as any leftwing fanatic has ever been. Why? Because Ms. Alysin knew immediately that she was dispensable.

That’s how business works. Toe the line, or you’re out! The same can be said of all the self-important newscasters, anchors, and hosts whose media bosses quite literally give them their marching orders—or, more accurately, their talking orders. Not just talking orders, but word-for-word memes, which is why no matter which lefty network or cable show you turn to, they’re all using the same vocabulary, the same expressions, and the same keywords.

I first noticed this when Dick Cheney was chosen as George W. Bush’s VP candidate. Suddenly, the media talking heads discovered the word “gravitas”! We still witness this echo chamber every day.

Objectivity has never been part of the media’s agenda, only slavish obeisance to their bosses. Watch for yourself. In fact, take notes. There is a remarkable absence of originality in today’s political reportage. It’s all a tired repetition of talking points and leftist propaganda that the anchors and reporters have received beforehand and have literally been commanded to utilize at the risk of their jobs. There’s not an original word, phrase, or sentence!

And watch these [dispensable] media shills try to impress their bosses by competing in the categories of “best gotcha question,” “most [feigned] outrage,” most blank-faced faux objectivity,” and “most vilification toward President Trump,” whom these disrespectful [dispensable] employees insist on calling “Trump.”

Why the ferocity?

The question still remains: Why the fanatical, obsessive, literally crazed hatred of President Trump? The answer is quite simple: In every single case of what used to pass as politics as usual, he has single-handedly identified and challenged the following as bad for America:

• The prevailing powers-that-be and their collusion in the global agenda
• The Democrat Party,
• Treaties like NATO and others,
• The open-borders fetish,
• The global warming hoax,
• The rigged voting system,
• The irrelevance—and malevolence—of the United Nations,
• The monolith known as the American media.
• Coddling Iran

How? By giving voice to what the American people have known and been angry about for decades, namely, that these institutions, events, and ideologies are corrupt, permeated with bribes and payoffs, self-serving, and, in too many cases, anti-American, anti the U.S. Constitution, anti the Judeo-Christian ethics upon which our exceptional nation was founded, and, quite openly now, virulently anti-Semitic, anti-Israel, and anti-Jew!

What’s next?

For eight long years, the Left has conspired against President Trump, fabricating—and this is the short list—a Russian-collusion hoax, the Stormy Daniels fiasco, the preposterous impeachment attempts, the phony January 6 “insurrection” fiction, the classified documents at Mar-A-Lago scam, and an avalanche of lawfare suits pursued by career leftist prosecutors and decided by career leftist judges.

Nothing worked!

And then it was mid-July 2024—less than four months from the election—and the left’s arch-nemesis was not only still standing but commanding massive crowds in weekly rallies around the country and demonstrating an ebullient optimism about the future of America, which is tantamount to arsenic to Democrats whose glasses are always half empty and whose sky is always falling.

What to do? It’s probably not a coincidence that a cascade of inexplicable Secret Service failures paved the way for an almost-successful assassination attempt against Donald Trump. Indeed, Cherie Zaslawsky (and many others) theorize that our own intelligence services, rather than displaying a Freudian level of incompetence guarding a man many despised, may have facilitated the attempt.

To demonstrate just how craven and dishonest our media are, here is a small sample of the headlines that followed this history-altering assassination attempt:

A word of advice. Don’t believe anything you hear, read, or listen to on the so-called mainstream media—not a word, not a phrase, not a suggestion, not a theory.

Their agenda, as we’ve learned over the past eight years, is to obey the moneybags’ globalists who prefer socialism-cum-communism to the glorious freedom that the Founding Fathers of America envisioned and actualized almost 250 years ago.

Yes, the media shills will still be with us, but when you decide to turn them off, they too will go the way of the dinosaurs they have always been.

stock here, at the far bottom I put all of my screen captures from Google Earth.

A rare earthquake far off the coast of Chile, only 8 earthquakes in this area in 80 years. Leads us to review Easter Island, which shares language with the Hawaiians and more.

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I can’t display images or maps directly, but I can help you find Easter Island on a map and understand its location in relation to nearby fault lines.

Easter Island (Rapa Nui) is located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Its coordinates are approximately 27.1°S latitude and 109.4°W longitude. It’s about 2,200 miles (3,500 kilometers) west of Chile and is one of the most isolated islands in the world.

To find it on a map:

1. Use an Online Map Service: Go to a map service like Google Maps, Bing Maps, or OpenStreetMap and search for “Easter Island” or “Rapa Nui”. This will give you a detailed view of its location.
2. View the Map of Fault Lines:
   • Tectonic Plate Boundaries: Easter Island is located in the middle of the Pacific Plate. To see fault lines in relation to Easter Island, look at maps of tectonic plate boundaries. You’ll see that the island is relatively far from major plate boundaries but is near the boundary of the Pacific Plate with the Nazca Plate and the Antarctic Plate further south.
   • Seismic Activity: To get an idea of seismic activity, you can check sites like the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program which often has maps showing recent earthquake activity and fault lines.

Easter Island itself is not directly on a major fault line but is within the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area known for its seismic activity and volcanic activity due to the surrounding tectonic plate boundaries.

what is kona o pule on easter islandChatGPT

Kona o Pule is a significant archaeological site on Easter Island, also known as Rapa Nui. The site is notable for its historical and cultural importance.

Here’s what you should know about Kona o Pule:

1. Historical and Cultural Significance: Kona o Pule is a place associated with ancient Rapa Nui religious practices and ceremonies. The name “Kona o Pule” translates to “The Place of Prayer” in the Rapanui language, reflecting its role in ceremonial and ritual activities.
2. Location: The site is situated on the northern coast of Easter Island. It is relatively close to other important sites and landmarks on the island, such as the Ahu (ceremonial platforms) and Moai statues.
3. Archaeological Features: The area features various archaeological remnants, including stone structures and possibly platforms used in ceremonies. These structures offer insights into the island’s pre-European contact period and the religious practices of its inhabitants.
4. Visitor Information: While visiting Kona o Pule, it’s important to respect the site and follow local guidelines. Easter Island has many protected areas due to its historical and cultural significance.

To learn more about Kona o Pule and explore it in detail, you might consider consulting local guides, visiting a museum on the island, or accessing detailed archaeological studies and maps related to Easter Island.

it is insteresting that the Rapanui language matches the Hawaiian languageChatGPT

The similarity between the Rapanui language (spoken on Easter Island) and Hawaiian is indeed intriguing and can be attributed to their shared Polynesian roots. Here’s a bit more detail on this:

1. Polynesian Language Family: Both Rapanui and Hawaiian are part of the Polynesian language family, which is a branch of the Austronesian language family. This family includes languages spoken across a vast area of the Pacific Ocean, from Hawaii in the north to New Zealand in the south and Easter Island (Rapa Nui) in the east.
2. Linguistic Features: Languages within the Polynesian family share a number of linguistic features, including vocabulary, grammar, and phonetic structures. This is why you may notice similarities in words and expressions between Rapanui and Hawaiian.
3. Historical Connections: The Polynesian expansion is believed to have begun around 3,000 years ago, with the Polynesians navigating across the Pacific using advanced navigation techniques. This migration led to the spread of Polynesian languages and cultures across a wide region. Easter Island, Hawaii, and other Polynesian islands were settled by people who carried similar languages and cultural traits with them.
4. Cultural Similarities: Beyond language, there are also cultural similarities between Polynesian islands. Traditional practices, mythology, and social structures often have parallels across different Polynesian societies.
5. Modern Influence: Even though languages can change significantly over time and space, the underlying commonalities reflect the shared heritage and historical connections between these Polynesian cultures.

If you’re interested in exploring these similarities further, looking into comparative studies of Polynesian languages and cultures can provide deeper insights into how these languages evolved and how they connect with each other.

what is the ovahe spot on easter islandChatGPT

Ovahe is a notable location on Easter Island (Rapa Nui), known for its scenic beauty and unique features. Here’s what you need to know about Ovahe:

1. Location: Ovahe is situated on the southeastern coast of Easter Island. It is near the area of Hanga Roa, which is the island’s main town and a key starting point for exploring other sites on the island.
2. Beach and Scenery: Ovahe is renowned for its striking red sand beach, which contrasts with the more common black volcanic sand found on many other beaches on the island. The beach is framed by rugged cliffs and offers a picturesque setting with clear turquoise waters.
3. Archaeological Significance: While Ovahe is primarily known for its natural beauty, the area around it is also of interest to those studying the island’s history and archaeology. The surrounding landscape includes various archaeological sites and features related to the island’s ancient culture.
4. Access and Activities: Ovahe is less crowded compared to some of the more popular tourist spots on Easter Island, making it a great spot for visitors looking for a more tranquil experience. Visitors can enjoy swimming, sunbathing, and exploring the unique geological formations.
5. Cultural Respect: As with all sites on Easter Island, it is important to respect local guidelines and the cultural significance of the area. Easter Island has a rich heritage and many sites are considered sacred or significant in Rapanui culture.

For a visit, you might want to check local guides or maps to ensure you have the most up-to-date information on access and any specific visitor guidelines.

how about ahu te pito kuraChatGPT

Ahu Te Pito Kura is one of the significant archaeological and cultural sites on Easter Island (Rapa Nui). Here’s a detailed overview of this site:

1. Location: Ahu Te Pito Kura is located on the northern coast of Easter Island, near the area of Hanga Roa. The site is situated relatively close to other important archaeological locations on the island.
2. Ahu and Moai Statues:
   • Ahu: An ahu is a ceremonial platform or altar that often served as a tomb or a place for rituals. Ahu Te Pito Kura is one of the island’s prominent ahu, and it features a large stone platform.
   • Moai: The site is renowned for having the largest moai statue ever erected on the island. The moai, known as “Paro,” stands at about 10 meters (33 feet) tall and weighs around 82 tons. Paro is notable for its size and the craftsmanship involved in its creation.
3. Historical Significance:
   • Cultural Importance: Ahu Te Pito Kura is an important site for understanding Rapanui culture and history. The moai statues and the ahu itself are integral to the island’s ceremonial and religious practices.
   • Historical Context: The site offers insights into the island’s past, including the significance of moai statues in Rapanui society. The moai were generally created to honor ancestors and were placed on ahu to serve as focal points of community and spiritual life.
4. Unique Features:
   • Pito Kura: The name “Te Pito Kura” means “The Navel of the World” or “The Center of the World,” reflecting the site’s cultural significance. It’s also associated with a large round stone known as the “Pito Kura” or “Navel Stone,” which is said to mark the center of the island and is considered a sacred object.
5. Visitor Experience:
   • Access: The site is accessible to visitors, and it is often included in guided tours of the island. Visitors can explore the ahu, view the moai statue, and take in the surrounding landscape.
   • Respect and Preservation: As with all archaeological sites on Easter Island, it’s important to follow local guidelines to respect and preserve the cultural heritage of the area.

Ahu Te Pito Kura, with its monumental moai and historical significance, is a key destination for those interested in the rich cultural and archaeological heritage of Easter Island.

and poikeChatGPT

Poike is a notable region on Easter Island (Rapa Nui) known for its archaeological and geological features. Here’s an overview of what makes Poike significant:

1. Geographical Features

• Location: Poike is located on the northeastern tip of Easter Island. It is a distinct area characterized by its rugged landscape and volcanic formations.
• Geological Significance: Poike is known for its dramatic terrain, which includes volcanic craters, cliffs, and unusual rock formations. The area is one of the oldest volcanic regions on the island and provides insight into the island’s geological history.

2. Archaeological Sites

• Moai Statues: Poike is home to several important archaeological sites, including moai statues and ceremonial platforms. The moai in this area are not as numerous as in some other parts of the island, but they are significant for understanding the distribution and history of these statues.
• Ahu: The region features several ahu (ceremonial platforms), including Ahu Poike and Ahu Tepeu, which are notable for their archaeological and cultural importance.

3. Historical Context

• Settlement Patterns: The Poike region offers clues about the settlement patterns and the movement of people on the island. The archaeological sites in this area help researchers understand the distribution and construction of moai statues and ahu.
• Cultural Significance: Like other parts of Easter Island, Poike holds cultural significance related to the island’s ancient rituals and ceremonies.

4. Natural Beauty and Hiking

• Scenic Views: Poike offers stunning panoramic views of the island and the surrounding ocean. The rugged terrain and volcanic features make it a visually striking area.
• Hiking Opportunities: The region is popular for hiking and exploring. Trails in Poike provide access to unique geological features and archaeological sites, allowing visitors to experience the island’s natural and cultural heritage.

5. Visitor Experience

• Access: While Poike is accessible to visitors, it is more remote and less developed than some other parts of the island. It’s advisable to explore this area with a guide or as part of a tour to ensure a safe and informative visit.
• Respect for Sites: As with all archaeological and cultural sites on Easter Island, visitors should follow local guidelines to respect and preserve the heritage of the area.

Poike is a fascinating region of Easter Island, offering insights into both the island’s geological history and its ancient cultural practices.

vai a heva faceChatGPT

Vai a Heva is a notable site on Easter Island (Rapa Nui), known for its unique archaeological and cultural features. Here’s a detailed look at Vai a Heva:

1. Location and Features

• Location: Vai a Heva is situated on the southern coast of Easter Island, near the area of the village of Hanga Roa. It is part of the island’s southwestern region.
• Geological and Archaeological Significance: The site is known for its distinctive volcanic formations and archaeological remnants. It provides insights into the island’s geological history as well as its cultural practices.

2. Ahu and Moai Statues

• Moai Statues: Vai a Heva is home to several moai statues, including some that are particularly well-preserved. These statues are an integral part of the island’s ceremonial and cultural heritage.
• Ahu: The site features ceremonial platforms, or ahu, which were used for religious ceremonies and as burial sites. The ahu at Vai a Heva contributes to understanding the ceremonial practices of the Rapanui people.

3. Cultural and Historical Context

• Ritual Significance: The moai statues and ahu at Vai a Heva are important for understanding the religious and social practices of the Rapanui civilization. They reflect the island’s complex system of ancestor worship and social organization.
• Historical Insights: The site helps researchers and visitors understand the historical development of the island’s cultural and religious practices.

4. Natural Environment

• Scenic Views: Vai a Heva offers beautiful coastal views and is surrounded by a dramatic natural landscape. The volcanic terrain and ocean vistas make it a picturesque location.
• Exploration and Hiking: The area around Vai a Heva is popular for exploration and hiking. Visitors can enjoy the scenic beauty of the site while learning about its historical significance.

5. Visitor Information

• Access: Vai a Heva is accessible to visitors, and guided tours can provide deeper insights into the site’s history and significance. It’s a good idea to visit with a guide to fully appreciate the cultural context and to ensure respectful and safe exploration.
• Respect for Heritage: As with all archaeological sites on Easter Island, it’s important to respect local guidelines and preserve the cultural heritage of the area.

Vai a Heva, with its combination of archaeological interest and natural beauty, is a valuable site for understanding the rich history and culture of Easter Island.

the island looks dry, did they farm back in the day, or rely primarily on ocean fish and items?ChatGPT

Easter Island (Rapa Nui) has a challenging environment characterized by its relatively arid conditions and limited natural resources. Despite these challenges, the island’s early inhabitants developed sophisticated agricultural and fishing practices to sustain their society. Here’s a closer look at how they managed their resources:

Agriculture

1. Crops: The Rapanui people practiced agriculture, growing several crops adapted to the island’s environment. Key crops included:
   • Sweet Potatoes: A staple food that could thrive in the island’s volcanic soil.
   • Taro: Another important crop, although it required more water and was grown in specific areas where water was available.
   • Yams and Bananas: These were also cultivated but were less central to the diet compared to sweet potatoes.
2. Cultivation Techniques: They employed various farming techniques to maximize their agricultural output, such as:
   • Terracing: In some areas, terraced fields helped manage soil and water resources more efficiently.
   • Stone Walls: Used to create micro-environments that could help retain moisture and protect crops from wind.

Fishing

1. Marine Resources: Fishing was a crucial component of the Rapanui diet. The surrounding ocean provided a rich source of food, including:
   • Fish: Various species were caught using nets, lines, and fish traps.
   • Shellfish and Seaweed: These were collected along the shorelines and were an important part of the diet.
2. Fishing Techniques: The Rapanui developed several effective fishing techniques, such as:
   • Fish Traps: Stone-built traps in the shallows captured fish as tides changed.
   • Hooks and Nets: They used natural materials to create fishing gear.

Environmental Management

1. Resource Management: The Rapanui people practiced careful management of their limited resources. They used sustainable practices to prevent over-exploitation of their environment.
2. Deforestation: The island experienced significant deforestation due to human activity, which impacted agriculture and led to soil erosion. This environmental change likely influenced social and cultural shifts on the island.

Challenges

1. Environmental Stress: The island’s limited freshwater resources and arid conditions posed significant challenges for agriculture and overall resource management.
2. Decline in Agricultural Output: Over time, soil degradation and deforestation reduced the island’s agricultural productivity, which may have contributed to societal stresses and changes.

Cultural Adaptations

1. Dietary Adjustments: The Rapanui adapted their diet and lifestyle to make the most of available resources, relying heavily on fish and other marine products.
2. Cultural Practices: Their cultural practices, including the construction of moai statues and ceremonial platforms, were closely linked to their environment and resources.

In summary, while Easter Island’s dry conditions presented challenges, the Rapanui people developed a balanced approach, combining agriculture with fishing to sustain their society. Their innovative practices and adaptations allowed them to thrive in a challenging environment.

yaimeinto do hango roaChatGPT

It seems like you’re referring to “Yaimeinto do Hango Roa,” which may be a misspelling or a misinterpretation of “Hanga Roa” or a similar term. Let’s clarify this with information on Hanga Roa:

Hanga Roa

• Location: Hanga Roa is the largest town and the administrative center of Easter Island (Rapa Nui). It is situated on the southwestern coast of the island.
• Population: It is the most populated area on the island and serves as the main hub for visitors and residents.

Features and Attractions in Hanga Roa

1. Cultural Sites:
   • Ahu Tahai: This site features several ceremonial platforms (ahu) and moai statues and is located near Hanga Roa. It’s a key archaeological site for understanding Rapanui culture.
   • Museo Antropológico Sebastian Englert: This museum provides insights into Rapanui history, culture, and artifacts, making it an excellent place to learn more about the island’s heritage.
2. Local Amenities:
   • Restaurants and Shops: Hanga Roa has a variety of restaurants, shops, and markets where visitors can sample local cuisine and purchase souvenirs.
   • Accommodations: The town offers a range of accommodations, from hotels to guesthouses, catering to different budgets.
3. Harbor:
   • Port of Hanga Roa: The harbor area is where ferries and supply ships dock, and it’s an important point of entry for visitors arriving by sea.
4. Cultural and Social Hub:
   • Local Events: Hanga Roa often hosts cultural events, festivals, and traditional ceremonies that showcase the island’s rich heritage.
5. Scenic Views:
   • Coastal Walks: The town’s coastal location provides beautiful views of the ocean and the surrounding landscape. There are also several walking paths and spots for relaxing by the sea.

Getting Around Hanga Roa

• Transportation: Visitors can explore Hanga Roa on foot, by bicycle, or with local taxis and tour operators. Many of the island’s key sites are accessible from the town.

Local Tips

• Respect Local Culture: As with all visits to culturally significant sites, it’s important to show respect for local customs and traditions.
• Prepare for Weather: The weather can be variable, so it’s a good idea to be prepared for both sun and rain.

If “Yaimeinto” was intended to refer to a specific location or activity, please provide more details, and I’d be happy to assist further!

ahu hanga poukuraChatGPT

Ahu Hanga Poukura is an important archaeological site on Easter Island (Rapa Nui). Here’s an overview of this site:

Ahu Hanga Poukura

1. Location:
   • Position: Ahu Hanga Poukura is situated on the northern coast of Easter Island, close to the village of Hanga Roa. It’s part of the region known for its significant moai statues and ceremonial platforms.
2. Features:
   • Ahu: Like other ahu (ceremonial platforms) on the island, Ahu Hanga Poukura is a stone structure that served as a focal point for religious ceremonies and as a burial site for important figures. It typically features a large platform built from volcanic stone.
   • Moai Statues: The site includes several moai statues, which were erected on the ahu to honor ancestors and serve as symbols of authority and lineage. These statues are integral to understanding the ceremonial and social practices of the Rapanui people.
3. Historical and Cultural Significance:
   • Ceremonial Use: The ahu and moai statues at Hanga Poukura are part of the island’s rich tradition of ancestor worship and ceremonial practice. The placement and features of these statues reflect the importance of lineage and religious rites in Rapanui society.
   • Archaeological Value: The site contributes to the broader understanding of Easter Island’s historical and cultural development. It provides insights into the construction techniques and religious practices of the island’s early inhabitants.
4. Visitor Experience:
   • Access: Ahu Hanga Poukura is accessible to visitors, and it is often included in guided tours of the island. It’s a valuable site for those interested in the archaeology and history of Easter Island.
   • Respect for Heritage: As with all sites on Easter Island, visitors should follow local guidelines to respect and preserve the cultural and historical significance of the site.
5. Nearby Sites:
   • Proximity to Other Sites: Ahu Hanga Poukura is located near other important archaeological sites, such as Ahu Tahai and Ahu Te Pito Kura, making it a good destination for exploring the island’s ceremonial and cultural heritage.

Overall, Ahu Hanga Poukura is an important site for understanding the historical and cultural context of Easter Island, offering valuable insights into the island’s ancient practices and social structure.

he destruction of the First Temple (Solomon’s Temple) in 586 BCE by the Babylonians is primarily attributed to a combination of political, social, and religious factors rather than a single cause such as the practice of usury. Here’s a more detailed look at the context:

Historical and Biblical Context

1. Political and Military Factors:
   • Babylonian Conquest: The destruction of the First Temple was part of the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem and the Kingdom of Judah. The Babylonian Empire, under King Nebuchadnezzar II, sought to assert its dominance over the region. The destruction of the Temple was a significant event in the broader context of Babylonian military and political strategy.
2. Religious and Social Issues:
   • Prophetic Critique: According to the Hebrew Bible, particularly in the books of Jeremiah and Ezekiel, the destruction of the Temple was seen as a divine punishment for the moral and religious failings of the people of Judah. Prophets like Jeremiah criticized the people for their failure to uphold covenant laws, including issues related to justice, social inequities, and idolatry.
   • Social Injustice: The prophets of the time, including Jeremiah and Amos, condemned social injustices such as exploitation, corruption, and neglect of the poor. Usury (charging excessive interest on loans) was one of the social issues criticized by these prophets, but it was part of a broader critique of moral and ethical failures in society.
3. Biblical Interpretation:
   • Covenant Violation: The biblical narrative often frames the destruction of the Temple as a result of Israel’s collective failure to adhere to the covenant with God. This includes a range of transgressions, from idolatry to social injustices, rather than attributing it solely to economic practices like usury.
4. Historical Evidence:
   • Economic Factors: While the practice of usury and economic exploitation are mentioned in prophetic literature, there is limited direct historical evidence linking the destruction of the Temple specifically to these practices. The primary historical records emphasize the military and political motivations of the Babylonians.

Summary

The destruction of the First Temple was largely a result of the Babylonian conquest and political-military objectives. The biblical interpretation attributes it to a broader range of social and religious failings, including injustices like usury, but these are seen as part of a larger pattern of disobedience and corruption rather than the sole cause of the destruction. The event is framed within the context of divine punishment for the overall moral and covenantal failures of the people of Judah.

List the jewish expulsions that were spurred on by objection to loaning at interest, aka usuryChatGPT

Historically, Jewish expulsions from various regions were sometimes associated with economic factors, including objections to usury (lending money at interest). While usury was a common criticism and an economic issue in several expulsions, it was often one of multiple reasons for these actions. Here are some notable expulsions that were influenced by or linked to economic grievances, including issues related to usury:

1. Expulsion from England (1290)
   • Context: King Edward I issued the Edict of Expulsion, ordering all Jews to leave England. This decision was influenced by various factors, including economic grievances. Jews in England were often involved in money lending due to restrictions on other professions, and the economic resentment and debts owed to Jewish moneylenders contributed to the expulsion.
2. Expulsion from France (1306)
   • Context: King Philip IV expelled the Jews from France. One significant factor was economic, including grievances about Jewish moneylending practices. The King also sought to seize Jewish assets and liquidate debts owed to Jewish lenders.
3. Expulsion from Spain (1492)
   • Context: The Alhambra Decree, issued by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, ordered the expulsion of Jews from Spain. While religious conversion to Christianity was a primary factor, economic motivations also played a role. The expulsion was partly driven by the desire to clear debts owed to Jewish moneylenders and the perception that the Jewish community had economic influence.
4. Expulsion from Portugal (1497)
   • Context: Following the expulsion from Spain, King Manuel I of Portugal also expelled the Jews. Although the official reason was to compel conversion to Christianity, economic factors including the influence of Jewish moneylending were significant. The Jewish population was pressured to convert or leave, with economic motives behind the policy.
5. Expulsion from various German cities (11th-16th centuries)
   • Context: Throughout the medieval period, Jews faced expulsion from various German cities, such as Worms, Mainz, and Cologne. Economic issues, including accusations of usury and financial disputes, were often catalysts for these expulsions. The economic resentment towards Jewish moneylenders frequently played a role in these expulsions.

Summary

Expulsions of Jewish communities were often driven by a combination of religious, economic, and political factors. Usury and economic grievances were significant in several expulsions, reflecting broader societal tensions and prejudices against Jewish financial practices. However, these expulsions typically involved multiple underlying causes and should be understood within their complex historical and socio-political contexts.

it is said that the jews were expelled from 168 countries over the ages, can you expand on that, or verify a number?ChatGPT

The claim that Jews have been expelled from 168 countries or regions over history is often cited in various sources, but it is important to approach such numbers with caution. The figure is generally more illustrative of the widespread nature of Jewish expulsions and persecutions throughout history rather than a precise count of distinct expulsions from separate countries.

Key Points on Jewish Expulsions:

1. Historical Context:
   • Frequent Expulsions: Throughout history, Jewish communities have faced expulsion, persecution, and forced migration in numerous regions. These events were often driven by a combination of political, economic, religious, and social factors.
   • Diverse Regions: Expulsions occurred in various regions including Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, and, at times, other areas influenced by broader geopolitical changes.
2. Types of Expulsions:
   • Medieval Europe: Significant expulsions occurred in medieval Europe, including from England (1290), France (1306), and Spain (1492).
   • Other Regions: Expulsions also occurred in parts of the Islamic world, including various regions under Muslim rule at different times, and in other contexts where Jews faced persecution.
3. Compiling Data:
   • Historical Records: The precise number of countries or regions from which Jews were expelled can be difficult to verify due to variations in historical records, definitions of what constitutes a “country” or “region,” and the complexities of historical migrations.
   • Symbolic Figure: The figure of 168 countries is often used symbolically to emphasize the extensive and recurrent nature of Jewish expulsions rather than as a literal count of distinct political entities.
4. Modern Context:
   • Continued Movements: In modern times, Jewish migration has continued due to various factors including conflict, economic opportunities, and persecution. The historical context of expulsion has had lasting effects on Jewish diaspora communities.

Summary

While the figure of Jews being expelled from 168 countries reflects the extensive history of Jewish persecution and migration, it should be understood as a general indicator of the widespread nature of these events rather than a precise historical statistic. The number is more symbolic of the many instances and regions affected rather than an exact count of distinct expulsions from separate modern countries.

stock here: I shall present that information to a large gathering today. Stay frosty, there could be some fireworks tomorrow night.

It is curious, although somber, that the Jews have a “Celebration of their oppression”. By it’s existence, there can be no doubt that every Jew is reminder of their past represssions.

Sure, here’s a quick list of significant tragic events traditionally associated with Tisha B’Av, a day of mourning in Jewish tradition:

1. Destruction of the First Temple (586 BCE) – The Babylonian Empire, led by Nebuchadnezzar II, destroyed Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem, leading to the Babylonian Exile.
2. Destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE) – The Roman Empire, under Emperor Titus, destroyed the Second Temple, marking a major turning point in Jewish history and leading to the beginning of the Jewish Diaspora.
3. Bar Kokhba Revolt (135 CE) – The failure of the Bar Kokhba revolt against Roman rule resulted in the destruction of many Jewish communities and further suppression of Jewish practice.
4. Expulsion from Spain (1492) – The Alhambra Decree led to the expulsion of Jews from Spain, marking a significant and painful episode in Jewish history.
5. Expulsion from England (1290) – The Edict of Expulsion forced Jews to leave England, a significant loss for the Jewish community there.
6. Worms Blood Libel (1147) – The false accusation of ritual murder led to the massacre of Jews in Worms, Germany.
7. The Crusades – During the First Crusade (1096), many Jewish communities were attacked and massacred, including in the Rhineland.

These events reflect the historical trials and tribulations faced by the Jewish people and are commemorated on Tisha B’Av as a day of mourning and reflection.

there is a large gap between 1096 and 135 I wonder if there were other bad things to jews, or was this a more centrally managed timeframe???

ChatGPT

You’re right that there’s a significant gap between the First Crusade and the Bar Kokhba Revolt. This period was marked by various challenges and tragedies for Jewish communities, although they might not always align with the specific historical timeline of Tisha B’Av. Here are some notable events and periods of hardship for Jews between 1096 and 135 CE:

1. Pogroms and Persecutions during the Crusades (1096-1270s) – As the Crusades continued, Jewish communities in Europe faced periodic violence and forced conversions. The First Crusade, in particular, saw widespread massacres of Jews in the Rhineland cities (e.g., Mainz, Worms, and Speyer).
2. The Black Death (1348-1350) – During the Black Death, Jews were often scapegoated and blamed for the plague, leading to violence and massacres, particularly in the Rhineland and other parts of Europe.
3. Expulsions and Persecutions in Medieval Europe – Throughout the Middle Ages, Jewish communities faced numerous expulsions and restrictions in various European countries. For instance:
   • Expulsion from France (1306) – King Philip IV expelled Jews from France, leading to significant suffering and displacement.
   • Expulsion from England (1290) – As mentioned earlier, this was a significant event for the Jewish community in England.
4. Blood Libels and Accusations – The Blood Libel accusations (that Jews were murdering Christian children) emerged in the 12th century and led to violence against Jews, including massacres and expulsions. These false accusations were part of a broader pattern of anti-Semitic violence.
5. Economic Restrictions and Discrimination – Throughout the medieval period, Jews often faced economic restrictions and were barred from various professions. They were frequently forced into money lending and other roles that became targets for resentment.
6. The Expulsion from Spain (1492) – While this occurred later, it’s worth noting the impact it had on Jewish communities. The Alhambra Decree led to the expulsion of Jews from Spain, a significant and painful event in Jewish history.

While these events might not fall precisely within the traditional timeframe associated with Tisha B’Av, they represent the broader historical context of Jewish suffering and adversity over the centuries. Tisha B’Av focuses on a range of calamities, primarily those directly related to the destruction of the Temples, but the broader history includes many other tragic events.

what day now, is 9AV for this year?

ChatGPT

To find out the exact date of Tisha B’Av (9 Av) for any given year, you can use a Jewish calendar or date conversion tool. For 2024, Tisha B’Av falls on the evening of Monday, August 12th, and concludes on the evening of Tuesday, August 13th.

what years did 9 AV Start on or end on August 11

ChatGPT

To determine when Tisha B’Av (9 Av) started on or ended on August 11, we need to consider the Jewish calendar’s variation from the Gregorian calendar. Tisha B’Av begins on the evening of 8 Av and ends on the evening of 9 Av.

Here are the recent years when Tisha B’Av either started on August 11 or ended on August 11:

1. Tisha B’Av Started on August 11:
   • 2003: Tisha B’Av began on the evening of August 11, 2003.
2. Tisha B’Av Ended on August 11:
   • 1968: Tisha B’Av ended on the evening of August 11, 1968.
   • 1991: Tisha B’Av ended on the evening of August 11, 1991.

To find these dates, you can cross-reference Jewish calendar dates with Gregorian dates for the specific years.

————————————————————

The date of the destruction of the First Temple, also known as Solomon’s Temple, is a subject of debate among scholars and historians. Traditionally, Jewish sources date the destruction to 586 BCE. This date is based on several factors, including biblical accounts and historical records, but there are some points of contention and alternative theories.

Traditional Date

586 BCE:

• Biblical Account: According to the Bible, specifically in 2 Kings 25:8-9, the First Temple was destroyed by the Babylonians in the 11th year of King Zedekiah’s reign, on the 9th of Av.
• Historical Consensus: This date aligns with the traditional Jewish dating and is supported by the writings of ancient historians like Josephus and later Jewish sources.

Alternative Theories

1. Alternative Dates:
   • 587 BCE: Some scholars suggest that the destruction might have occurred in 587 BCE. This theory often arises from considerations of synchronisms with other historical events and recalibrations of the biblical chronologies.
   • 585 BCE: A few scholars propose 585 BCE, arguing based on astronomical and historical data, including the so-called “Astronomical Diaries” from Babylon, which suggest a different timeline for related events.
2. Historical and Archaeological Evidence:
   • Archaeological Findings: Archaeological evidence in Jerusalem does confirm a significant destruction layer from the period, but precise dating can be complex and often inconclusive. Radiocarbon dating and other techniques provide broad date ranges that may not always match the traditional date exactly.
   • Astronomical Data: Some researchers use astronomical data to align historical events with known celestial phenomena, which sometimes suggest alternate dates for the destruction of the First Temple.
3. Chronological Recalibrations:
   • Chronological Adjustments: Some historians and archaeologists work with adjusted chronologies based on updated interpretations of Babylonian and other ancient records, which can shift the dates of historical events slightly.

Summary

While the traditional date for the destruction of the First Temple is 586 BCE, alternative dates like 587 BCE and 585 BCE are also discussed among scholars. These variations often result from differing interpretations of biblical, historical, and archaeological evidence. The traditional date remains widely accepted in Jewish tradition and many historical accounts, but the debate reflects the complexities of ancient historical dating.

When was 2 kings written

ChatGPT

The biblical book of 2 Kings is part of the Deuteronomistic History, which also includes the books of Joshua, Judges, 1 Samuel, and 1 Kings. The dating of the composition of 2 Kings is a matter of scholarly debate, but most scholars agree on a general timeframe for its writing based on historical and textual analysis.

Traditional View

Traditionally, Jewish and Christian traditions have attributed the authorship of 2 Kings to the prophet Jeremiah or his followers. However, this traditional view is less supported by modern scholarship.

Scholarly Consensus

1. Composition Date:
   • 6th to 5th Century BCE: Many scholars believe that 2 Kings was written or compiled during the 6th century BCE, particularly after the Babylonian Exile (which began in 586 BCE). This would place the writing around the time of or shortly after the fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the First Temple. The final form of the text may have been completed by the 5th century BCE.
2. Historical Context:
   • Post-Exilic Context: The book reflects a perspective that looks back on the history of Israel and Judah from a post-exilic viewpoint, assessing the causes of the exile and the fall of the kingdoms. This retrospective nature suggests that the book was composed with knowledge of the events leading up to and including the exile.
3. Sources and Redaction:
   • Multiple Stages: The text of 2 Kings likely underwent multiple stages of composition and redaction. Earlier portions may have been written or compiled during the reigns of the later kings of Judah, while other sections were updated or edited to reflect the aftermath of the exile.

Summary

While exact dates are difficult to pin down, 2 Kings was most likely written or compiled in the 6th or 5th century BCE. The book reflects a post-exilic perspective, which influences its historical analysis and narrative focus.

explain this Deuteronomistic History,

ChatGPT

The Deuteronomistic History is a scholarly term used to describe a collection of books in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) that share a common theological and historical perspective. This theory suggests that these books were compiled or edited by a group of editors, often associated with the Deuteronomistic movement, which emphasized the principles found in the Book of Deuteronomy. Here’s a detailed explanation:

Composition and Structure

1. Books Included:
   • The Deuteronomistic History traditionally includes the following books:
     • Joshua
     • Judges
     • 1 Samuel
     • 2 Samuel
     • 1 Kings
     • 2 Kings
2. Historical Context:
   • The Deuteronomistic History covers the history of Israel from the conquest of Canaan (Joshua) through the establishment and division of the monarchy (Judges and Samuel) to the destruction of the First Temple and the Babylonian Exile (Kings).

Theological Themes

1. Covenant and Obedience:
   • The central theme of the Deuteronomistic History is the covenant between God and Israel, emphasizing that Israel’s fortunes depend on their obedience to God’s laws. This idea is rooted in the teachings of the Book of Deuteronomy, which stresses that faithfulness to God’s commandments will lead to blessings, while disobedience will result in curses and disaster.
2. Deuteronomic Theology:
   • The history reflects the Deuteronomic theology which includes:
     • Centralization of Worship: Emphasis on worshiping God in a single, central location (the Temple in Jerusalem).
     • Divine Retribution: The belief that Israel’s suffering and exile are consequences of their unfaithfulness and sin.
     • Repentance and Restoration: The hope for restoration if the people repent and return to God.

Historical and Critical Views

1. Redaction Theory:
   • Scholars believe that the Deuteronomistic History was not written all at once but was edited and compiled over time. The process of redaction (editing) is thought to have occurred during or after the Babylonian Exile (6th century BCE), reflecting a retrospective analysis of Israel’s history with a focus on theological lessons.
2. Historical Purpose:
   • The Deuteronomistic History likely served to interpret the historical events of Israel from a theological perspective, explaining the reasons behind the successes and failures of the nation. It was a means to understand the consequences of Israel’s covenant relationship with God.
3. Literary Characteristics:
   • The books share common literary elements, such as similar narrative styles, themes, and language. For example, they often use similar phrases and theological commentary, suggesting they were shaped by a unified editorial agenda.

Summary

The Deuteronomistic History is a scholarly construct that identifies a common editorial and theological framework across several books of the Hebrew Bible. This framework emphasizes the importance of covenant faithfulness, the consequences of disobedience, and the centralization of worship. The historical narrative provided by these books reflects the theological concerns of the editors, likely active during or after the Babylonian Exile.

Hebrew is an ancient Semitic language with deep historical and cultural roots. It evolved from Biblical Hebrew used in religious texts to Medieval Hebrew and then to Modern Hebrew, which is spoken today. It plays a central role in Jewish religious life and is a vital part of Israeli national identity.

—————————————————————-

Hebrew is a Semitic language with a rich historical and cultural significance, particularly in Judaism and the broader context of the ancient Near East. Here’s an overview of what Hebrew is and its key aspects:

Linguistic Aspects

1. Language Family:
   • Semitic Language: Hebrew is a member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family, which also includes languages such as Aramaic, Phoenician, Arabic, and Amharic.
2. Historical Phases:
   • Biblical Hebrew: The earliest form of Hebrew, used in the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh), dating roughly from the 10th to 4th centuries BCE. It includes Classical Biblical Hebrew found in texts like the Torah and historical books.
   • Mishnaic (or Rabbinic) Hebrew: This form emerged during the late Second Temple period (circa 1st to 4th centuries CE) and is found in the Mishnah and Talmud, reflecting developments in the language and its usage.
   • Medieval Hebrew: Used from the 5th to 15th centuries CE, this phase includes various forms used by Jewish scholars, poets, and philosophers.
   • Modern Hebrew: The contemporary standard form of Hebrew, revived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and now spoken as the national language of Israel.
3. Script:
   • Alphabet: Hebrew uses the Hebrew script, which is an abjad, meaning it primarily represents consonants with optional vowel markings (niqqud). The script has evolved from ancient forms, including Paleo-Hebrew and the square script used in modern Hebrew.

Cultural and Religious Significance

1. Religious Texts:
   • Tanakh: The Hebrew Bible, comprising the Torah (Law), Nevi’im (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings), is written in Biblical Hebrew.
   • Liturgical Use: Hebrew remains the liturgical language in Judaism, used in prayers, religious texts, and synagogue services.
2. Modern Revival:
   • Revival Movement: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, efforts by figures such as Eliezer Ben-Yehuda led to the revival of Hebrew as a spoken language. This was part of the broader Zionist movement aiming to re-establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
3. Israeli Society:
4. Official Language: Modern Hebrew is the official language of Israel and is spoken by millions as a native language. It serves as the primary medium for government, education, media, and daily communication in Israel.

Semitic languages are a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family and were historically spoken across a broad area in the Near East and parts of North Africa. Here’s a list of the main Semitic languages and their geographic distribution:

1. Akkadian

• Geographic Area: Ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq, parts of Syria, and Turkey)
• Historical Period: Spoken from around the 3rd millennium BCE to the 1st millennium BCE.
• Notable Dialects: Babylonian and Assyrian.

2. Amharic

• Geographic Area: Ethiopia
• Historical Period: Spoken from ancient times to the present.
• Modern Usage: Official language of Ethiopia.

3. Arabic

• Geographic Area: Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, and the Middle East
• Historical Period: Developed from the 4th to 6th centuries CE to the present.
• Modern Usage: Widely spoken across the Arab world, including countries like Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the Gulf states.

4. Aramaic

• Geographic Area: Ancient Near East, including parts of modern-day Syria, Iraq, Turkey, and Israel
• Historical Period: Spoken from around the 10th century BCE to the 7th century CE.
• Notable Dialects: Imperial Aramaic, Jewish Aramaic, Christian Aramaic, and Syriac.

5. Hebrew

• Geographic Area: Ancient Israel and Judah (modern-day Israel and Palestine)
• Historical Period: Spoken from around the 10th century BCE to the present.
• Modern Usage: Official language of Israel; also used in Jewish religious contexts.

6. Ugaritic

• Geographic Area: Ancient city of Ugarit (modern-day Ras Shamra, Syria)
• Historical Period: Spoken from around the 14th to 12th centuries BCE.
• Notable Features: Known from cuneiform texts found at Ugarit.

7. Phoenician

• Geographic Area: Ancient Phoenicia (modern-day Lebanon, parts of Syria, and Israel)
• Historical Period: Spoken from around the 12th century BCE to the 2nd century CE.
• Notable Descendants: Punic, spoken in North Africa (Carthage).

8. Ge’ez

• Geographic Area: Ancient Ethiopia and Eritrea
• Historical Period: Spoken from the 1st millennium BCE to the 4th century CE.
• Modern Usage: Still used in liturgical contexts by Ethiopian Orthodox Christians.

9. Modern South Arabian Languages

• Geographic Area: Southern Arabian Peninsula (Yemen and parts of Oman)
• Historical Period: Continuously spoken from ancient times to the present in various dialects.

10. South Arabian (Ancient)

• Geographic Area: Ancient South Arabia (modern Yemen)
• Historical Period: Spoken from the 1st millennium BCE to the early centuries CE.
• Notable Languages: Sabaean, Minaean, Qatabanian, and Hadramautic.

Summary

Semitic languages have historically covered a vast and diverse geographic area, stretching from the Arabian Peninsula through the Near East and into North Africa. They have evolved over millennia, with some languages like Arabic and Amharic remaining vibrant today, while others like Akkadian and Ugaritic are known primarily through ancient texts and archaeological findings.

Certainly! Here’s a concise overview of Semitic languages with a focus on their definition and unique features:

• Definition:
  • Semitic Languages: A branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family, historically spoken in the Near East and parts of North Africa. These languages share a common ancestral root and have significant historical and cultural importance.
• Geographic Distribution:
  • Historically spoken across regions including the Arabian Peninsula, Mesopotamia (Iraq), the Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Israel/Palestine), and parts of North Africa (such as ancient Carthage).
• Unique Consonantal Roots:
  • Root System: Semitic languages are characterized by a triliteral (three-consonant) root system, where most words are derived from a base set of three consonants. These roots convey core meanings, and different patterns of vowels and additional consonants modify the meanings.
• Morphological Structure:
  • Root and Pattern Morphology: Words are formed through a combination of root consonants and vowel patterns (morphemes) that modify the meaning and grammatical function of the words. This system is distinct from the more analytic or inflectional morphology found in many other language families.
• Historical and Cultural Impact:
  • Religious and Historical Texts: Semitic languages include significant religious texts and inscriptions. For example, Hebrew is the language of the Hebrew Bible, Arabic is the language of the Quran, and Aramaic was widely used in the Near East and in the biblical context.

Got out of town on a boat, going to Southern islands
Sailing a reach before a following sea
She was making for the trades on the outside
And the downhill run to Papeete
Off the wind on this heading lie, the Marquesas
We got eighty feet of the waterline
Nicely making way
In a noisy bar in Avalon, I tried to call you
But on a midnight watch I realized
Why twice you ran away

[Pre-Chorus]
(I think about)
Think about how many times I have fallen
Spirits are using me, larger voices calling
What heaven brought you and me
Cannot be forgotten (I’ve been around the world)

[Chorus]
I have been around the world (Looking)
Looking for that woman-girl
(And I know she knows)
Who knows love can endure
And you know it will

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[Verse 2]
When you see the Southern Cross for the first time
You understand now why you came this way
‘Cause the truth you might be running from is so small
But it’s as big as the promise
The promise of a coming day
So I’m sailing for tomorrow, my dreams are a-dying
And my love is an anchor tied to you
Tied with a silver chain
I have my ship
And all her flags are a-flying
She is all that I have left
And music is her name

[Pre-Chorus]
(I think about)
Think about how many times I have fallen
Spirits are using me, larger voices calling
What heaven brought you and me
Cannot be forgotten (I’ve been around the world)

[Chorus]
I have been around the world (Looking)
Looking for that woman-girl
Who knows love can endure
And you know it will
And you know it will
(Yes)

[Verse 3]
So we cheated and we lied and we tested
And we never failed to fail
It was the easiest thing to do
You will survive being bested
Somebody fine
Will come along, make me forget about loving you
In the Southern Cross

---

LOL overly dramatic A-Eye, trained by Hollywood and books….

This song, “Southern Cross” by Crosby, Stills & Nash, contains several sailing terms and phrases that evoke a nautical journey. Here’s a breakdown of the sailing lingo:

1. “Sailing a reach before a following sea”:
   • Sailing a reach: A “reach” refers to a point of sail where the wind is coming from the side of the boat, making it one of the fastest and most comfortable sailing angles.
   • Following sea: This refers to waves that are moving in the same direction as the boat. A “following sea” can make for smoother sailing since the boat is riding with the waves.
2. “Making for the trades on the outside”:
   • Trades: This refers to the trade winds, which are consistent wind patterns found in the tropics. Sailors often rely on these steady winds for long-distance voyages.
   • On the outside: This likely refers to being on the open ocean, away from the shelter of the land, where the trade winds are stronger and more reliable.
3. “Downhill run to Papeete”:
   • Downhill run: In sailing, a “run” is when the wind is coming from directly behind the boat. It’s often called “downhill” because it can feel like the boat is gliding smoothly downwind.
   • Papeete: The capital city of Tahiti, a common destination for sailors in the South Pacific.
4. “Off the wind on this heading lie, the Marquesas”:
   • Off the wind: Sailing at an angle to the wind direction, rather than directly into it or directly away from it.
   • Heading: The direction in which the boat is pointed.
   • The Marquesas: A group of islands in French Polynesia, another popular sailing destination.
5. “Eighty feet of the waterline”:
   • Waterline: The length of the boat at the water’s surface. In this context, “eighty feet” indicates a large boat.
6. “Nicely making way”:
   • Making way: This phrase means the boat is moving through the water under its own power, typically by sail.
7. “Southern Cross”:
   • The Southern Cross is a constellation visible in the Southern Hemisphere. It’s an important navigational feature for sailors in the Southern Ocean and is often used as a metaphor for guidance or finding one’s way.
8. “My love is an anchor tied to you”:
   • Anchor: In a literal sense, an anchor is used to moor a boat. Here, it symbolizes something that holds the singer back, suggesting a heavy emotional weight or attachment.

These sailing terms are intertwined with the metaphorical journey of the song, reflecting the themes of exploration, love, and self-discovery. The nautical imagery is used to convey both the physical journey and the emotional experiences of the narrator.

stock here, I didn’t really understand this until the “pandemic” working on the Homestead with a History Professor. The Whites, not to be confused with Caucasian, were crushed until 1989.

The White movement (Russian: pre–1918 Бѣлое движеніе / post–1918 Белое движение, romanized: Beloye dvizheniye, IPA: [ˈbʲɛləɪ dvʲɪˈʐenʲɪɪ]),^[a] also known as the Whites (Бѣлые / Белые, Beliye), was a loose confederation of anti-communist forces that fought the communist Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War (1917–1923) and that to a lesser extent continued operating as militarized associations of rebels both outside and within Russian borders in Siberia until roughly World War II (1939–1945). The movement’s military arm was the White Army (Бѣлая армія / Белая армия, Belaya armiya), also known as the White Guard (Бѣлая гвардія / Белая гвардия, Belaya gvardiya) or White Guardsmen (Бѣлогвардейцы / Белогвардейцы, Belogvardeytsi).

During the Russian Civil War, the White movement functioned as a big-tent political movement representing an array of political opinions in Russia united in their opposition to the Bolsheviks—from the republican-minded liberals and Kerenskyite social democrats on the left through monarchists and supporters of a united multinational Russia to the ultra-nationalist Black Hundreds on the right.

Following the military defeat of the Whites, remnants and continuations of the movement remained in several organizations, some of which only had narrow support, enduring within the wider White émigré overseas community until after the fall of the European communist states in the Eastern European Revolutions of 1989 and the subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1990–1991. This community-in-exile of anti-communists often divided into liberal and the more conservative segments, with some still hoping for the restoration of the Romanov dynasty.

Contents

Structure and ideology

edit

In the Russian context after 1917, “White” had three main connotations which were:

1. Political contra-distinction to “the Reds”, whose Red Army supported the Bolshevik government.
2. Historical reference to absolute monarchy, specifically recalling Russia’s first Tsar, Ivan III (reigned 1462–1505),^[5] at a period when some styled the ruler of Muscovy Albus Rex (“the White King”).^[6]
3. The white uniforms of Imperial Russia worn by some White Army soldiers.

Ideology

edit  Female White officers in late 1917.

Above all, the White movement emerged as opponents of the Red Army.^[7] The White Army had the stated aim to reverse the October Revolution and remove the Bolsheviks from power before a constituent assembly (dissolved by the Bolsheviks in January 1918) could be convened.^[8] They worked to remove Soviet organizations and functionaries in White-controlled territory.^[9]

Overall, the White Army was nationalistic^[10] and rejected ethnic particularism and separatism.^[11] The White Army generally believed in a united multinational Russia and opposed separatists who wanted to create nation-states.^[12]

The propaganda service of the Volunteer Army, the Osvag [ru] (Russian: ОСВАГ (ОСВедомительное АГентство), romanized: OSVAG (OSVedomitelnoe AGentstvo), lit. ‘Informing Agency’), made the claim that “the Jews must pay for everything: for the February and October revolutions, for Bolshevism and for the peasants who took their land from the owners”. The organization also reissued the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Although Denikin’s troops committed only 17.2% of the pogroms (most of which were carried out by Ukrainian nationalists or by rebel armies not affiliated with any side), “white” officers praise soldiers who commit anti-Semitic crimes, some of whom even receive bonuses.^[13]

British parliamentary influential leader Winston Churchill (1874–1965) personally warned General Anton Denikin (1872–1947), formerly of the Imperial Army and later a major White military leader, whose forces effected pogroms and persecutions against the Jews:

[M]y task in winning support in Parliament for the Russian Nationalist cause will be infinitely harder if well-authenticated complaints continue to be received from Jews in the zone of the Volunteer Armies.^[14]

However, Denikin did not dare to confront his officers and remained content with vague formal condemnations. Coat of Arms of the Kolchak government

Aside from being anti-Bolshevik and anti-communist^[15] and patriotic, the Whites had no set ideology or main leader.^[16] The White Armies did acknowledge a single provisional head of state in a Supreme Governor of Russia in a Provisional All-Russian Government, but this post was prominent only under the leadership in the war campaigns during 1918–1920 of Admiral Alexander Kolchak, formerly of the previous Russian Imperial Navy.^[17]

The movement had no set foreign policy. Whites differed on policies toward the German Empire in its extended occupation of western Russia, the Baltic states, Poland and Ukraine on the Eastern Front in the closing days of the World War, debating whether or not to ally with it. The Whites wanted to keep from alienating any potential supporters and allies and thus saw an exclusively monarchist position as a detriment to their cause and recruitment. White-movement leaders, such as Anton Denikin, advocated for Russians to create their own government, claiming the military could not decide in Russians’ steads.^[18] Admiral Alexander Kolchak succeeded in creating a temporary wartime government in Omsk, acknowledged by most other White leaders, but it ultimately disintegrated after Bolshevik military advances.^[19]

Some warlords who were aligned with the White movement, such as Grigory Semyonov and Roman Ungern von Sternberg, did not acknowledge any authority but their own. Consequently, the White movement had no unifying political convictions, as members could be monarchists, republicans,^[20] rightists, or Kadets.^[21] Among White Army leaders, neither General Lavr Kornilov nor General Anton Denikin were monarchists, yet General Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel was a monarchist willing to fight for a republican Russian government. Moreover, other political parties supported the anti-Bolshevik White Army, among them the Socialist Revolutionary Party, and others who opposed Lenin’s Bolshevik coup in October 1917. Depending on the time and place, those White Army supporters might also exchange right-wing allegiance for allegiance to the Red Army.

Unlike the Bolsheviks, the White Armies did not share a single ideology, methodology, or political goal. They were led by conservative generals with different agendas and methods, and for the most part they operated quite independently of each other, with little coordination or cohesion. The composition and command structure of White armies also varied, some containing hardened veterans of World War I, others more recent volunteers. These differences and divisions, along with their inability to offer an alternative government and win popular support, prevented the White armies from winning the Civil War.^[22][23]

stock here: this is beyond out of control.

In 2024: It is MINIMUM 32 shots by 18 months of age, and

MINIMUM 44 Shots by 6 years of age.

2024 data is HERE

Here is the 1983 schedule:

Here is 2024

stock here: As expected, they are going all out to make Harris look good. That will work for the say 35% of low information people, who believe they are “truth seekers” by sucking down a bushel of lies that wouldn’t even stand the 7AM light of day.

Post

Conversation

Laura Powell

@LauraPowellEsq

UPDATE: Last night, Kamala Harris personally filed an updated Statement of Candidacy (aka Form 2) to designate Tim Walz as her running mate. Since she used Biden’s personal candidate ID number (P80000722) instead of her own (P00009423), the FEC records are convoluted. Her newly filed Form 2 shows up on Biden’s personal FEC page. But if you look at the 2024 election cycle, Biden is erased and replaced with Harris, as if he was never never running for President. Looking at Biden’s campaign committee’s FEC record, it’s now associated with both Biden’s and Harris’s candidacies for President for the period of 2020-2022. But that makes no sense, because Harris’s Presidential run in 2020 was never linked to Biden’s, and she ceased her campaign for President in 2020 and did not run again until 2024. Now Harris’s personal FEC candidate ID number (P00009423)—which is supposed to follow her for all Presidential campaigns for life—is somehow linked to Biden’s Presidential campaign in 2020. Only her Vice-Presidential campaign was ever linked to Biden’s, but that is separate from any Presidential campaigns. The current 2023-2024 FEC record for “Biden for President” (aka “Harris for President,” ID number C00703975) is linked to two Presidential candidates. Both are both named “Kamala Harris.” One of these candidates is associated with Harris’s candidate ID number (P00009423), and the other “Kamala Harris” is associated with Biden’s candidate ID number (P80000722). The Statement of Candidacy that Kamala Harris filed on July 29, using Biden’s personal candidate ID number (P80000722), now shows up under Harris’s ID number. But last night’s filing for that same candidate—number P80000722—shows up for the other “Kamala Harris” who is running for President. (Based on what happened previously, I suspect the FEC will shift these records in the future, to make it seem like there aren’t so many discrepancies between the names and the ID numbers.) Confused? That’s because these filings from Harris are irregular. If Kamala Harris had used her own candidate ID number, like every other candidate in modern history, this wouldn’t have been so complicated, but then it would have been difficult to make the case that she’s entitled to Biden’s war chest. Undoubtedly, these filings are trying to circumvent those pesky campaign finance laws. By the way, since Walz has never run for President, he doesn’t have his own FEC candidate ID for a Presidential run. According the the logic of Harris’s supporters, Walz is equally entitled to any funds from the campaign committee associated with ID number C00703975. And, just as Harris felt entitled to file an amended Statement of Candidacy using Biden’s personal candidate ID number because she was the Vice Presidential candidate, Walz could do the same, using Biden’s personal candidate ID number to run for President if he wanted to. The Democrats could pass this campaign down in perpetuity, without even obtaining the formal agreement of the prior candidate. This reminds me of a system of government that isn’t considered anything like a democracy.

Quote

Laura Powell

@LauraPowel

stock here, I asked A-Eye to help write this article, see if you like it, or if it doesn’t hit hard enough.

https://pjmedia.com/robert-spencer/2024/08/08/god-the-hen-god-the-baker-tim-walzs-church-is-about-what-youd-expect-n4931477

Pilgrim Lutheran Church and Modern Ideological Shifts: A Libertarian Perspective

In today’s political climate, where traditional values are frequently challenged, the recent attention on Tim Walz’s choice of church provides a unique lens through which to examine broader societal trends. Walz, the Democratic vice-presidential candidate, is associated with Pilgrim Lutheran Church in St. Paul, Minnesota—a congregation noted for its progressive stances. For those who hold individual freedom and limited government as core values, the situation at Pilgrim Lutheran presents a case study in the intersection of religion and ideological activism.

1. Redefining Religious Language and Authority

Pilgrim Lutheran’s adoption of a gender-neutral and inclusive language policy reflects a broader trend in religious institutions attempting to adapt to contemporary cultural norms. The church’s guidelines encourage the use of non-anthropomorphic terms for God, such as “Eagle” or “Baker,” rather than traditional masculine pronouns. This move aligns with a wider cultural shift towards inclusivity but raises questions about the implications for individual freedom and the role of traditional religious authority.

From a libertarian perspective, this approach to language might be seen as an overreach into personal belief systems, potentially compromising the individual’s right to traditional religious expression. The challenge here is balancing inclusivity with the preservation of personal liberties in spiritual practice.

For further exploration, consider examining the impact of such language policies on religious freedom: Religious Freedom and Inclusivity.

2. Intersectionality and Social Justice in Religion

Pilgrim Lutheran Church’s focus on social justice issues, such as supporting reparations and celebrating Ramadan, reflects a broader trend where religious institutions are increasingly engaged in socio-political activism. This shift can be seen as a form of ideological alignment with progressive social movements, potentially overshadowing traditional religious teachings.

Libertarians might argue that this trend towards social justice in religious contexts could be a form of ideological coercion, where religious institutions become platforms for political advocacy rather than purely spiritual guidance. The concern here is that this activism may inadvertently promote a form of collective social engineering, which could undermine individual freedoms and personal autonomy.

For a deeper dive into the intersection of social justice and religion, see: Religion and Social Justice: A Libertarian View.

3. The Role of Religious Institutions in Political Alignment

The alignment of religious institutions like Pilgrim Lutheran with political ideologies raises questions about the influence of political agendas on religious practice. The church’s apparent alignment with progressive political values suggests a blending of faith and politics that may be troubling for those who advocate for the separation of church and state and the protection of individual liberties from governmental or ideological overreach.

From a libertarian standpoint, the merging of religious institutions with political causes could be seen as a threat to the autonomy of both religion and individual conscience. It suggests a trend where faith practices are influenced by political considerations rather than remaining purely spiritual and personal.

For more on the implications of political alignment in religious institutions, refer to: Political Influence on Religious Institutions.

Conclusion

While Pilgrim Lutheran Church’s practices may reflect a significant shift towards inclusivity and progressive values, from a libertarian perspective, these changes warrant scrutiny. The balance between individual religious freedoms and collective ideological movements is delicate, and understanding this dynamic is crucial for anyone concerned with maintaining personal autonomy and resisting overreach by any institution, religious or political.

stock here: It’s blatant, it’s obvious, it’s illegal as hell.

https://www.linkedin.com/posts/secgranholm_battery-recycling-is-a-touchdown-for-america-activity-7225122640955383808-svLh?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop

Reality of battery recycling

stock here: Seen on Linkedin

Everybody knows Walz had advance knowledge his unit would deploy to a combat zone before official orders came. At the time he quit and ran for Congress, he knew.

Everybody knows he continues to lie about his rank/title and about carrying weapons in war (was never in combat)

Everybody knows Kamala Harris isn’t good at forming coherent thoughts. The fact she somehow became attorney general ought to cast doubt on the system.

Everybody knows we don’t have a legitimate chief executive.

Everybody knows those boxers are men, and what a woman is.

Everybody knows the jab is no good.

Everybody knows what happened in 2020.

Everybody knows there’s no climate crisis.

Everybody knows the money is just paper.

Everybody knows who killed JFK.

Everybody knows they’ll take another shot at Trump.

stock here: when it matters the most, Fox will act in the Globablists interests.

Shame on them.

https://www.foxnews.com/media/dem-strategist-calls-cori-bush-the-sorest-loser-her-completely-ridiculous-concession-speech

stock here: sorry for the excessive use of A-Eye info, but there is so much gathered so fast.

Tisha B’Av is a significant day of mourning in the Jewish calendar, commemorating the many tragedies that have befallen the Jewish people on the ninth day of the Hebrew month of Av. In 2024, Tisha B’Av falls on August 12-13.

Significance of Tisha B’Av
Tisha B’Av, which literally means the 9th of Av, is a solemn day observed with fasting and mourning. It marks the destruction of both the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem, among other tragedies.

Historical Events Commemorated
Destruction of the First Temple:

Date: 586 BCE
Details: The First Temple, built by King Solomon, was destroyed by the Babylonians, leading to the Babylonian exile.
Destruction of the Second Temple:

Date: 70 CE
Details: The Second Temple, rebuilt after the return from Babylonian exile, was destroyed by the Romans, marking the beginning of a long period of Jewish diaspora.
Other Tragedies:

Bar Kokhba Revolt: In 135 CE, the Romans crushed the Bar Kokhba revolt and destroyed the city of Betar, resulting in massive casualties.
Expulsion from England: In 1290, the Jews were expelled from England.
Expulsion from Spain: In 1492, the Jews were expelled from Spain.
Observances and Customs
Fasting:

Tisha B’Av is a full 25-hour fast, similar to Yom Kippur. From sunset on the 8th of Av until nightfall on the 9th of Av, no food or drink is consumed.
Mourning Practices:

Sitting on Low Stools: From the evening until midday, mourners sit on low stools or on the floor, similar to the practice of sitting shiva.
Refraining from Bathing and Wearing Leather: Participants refrain from bathing for pleasure, applying lotions or creams, wearing leather shoes, and having marital relations.
Reading the Book of Lamentations (Eichah):

The Book of Lamentations, which mourns the destruction of Jerusalem, is read in the synagogue, often in a sorrowful chant.
Other Restrictions:

Studying Torah (except for texts related to mourning and the destruction of the Temple) is prohibited, as it is considered a joyous activity.
Tisha B’Av in 2024
Dates: The observance begins at sunset on August 12, 2024, and ends at nightfall on August 13, 2024.
Hebrew Date: The 9th of Av, 5784.
Reflection and Renewal
Tisha B’Av serves as a time for Jews to reflect on the historical sufferings and to focus on themes of loss and resilience. It is a day to remember the destruction and hope for future redemption and rebuilding.

Sources
Chabad.org – Tisha B’Av
My Jewish Learning – Tisha B’Av
Tisha B’Av is a poignant reminder of the hardships endured by the Jewish people throughout history and a call to reflect on the themes of destruction and renewal.

is av related to august? the destruction of the two temples obviously didn’t happne on the same day of the year, so they were combined for sacred purposes?
ChatGPT
The month of Av in the Hebrew calendar does not directly correspond to August in the Gregorian calendar, although they often overlap. The Hebrew calendar is a lunar calendar, which means its months are based on the cycles of the moon, while the Gregorian calendar is solar. Therefore, the exact dates of Hebrew months vary each year when compared to the Gregorian calendar.

The Month of Av
Hebrew Calendar: Av is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar.
Correspondence: It usually falls around July-August in the Gregorian calendar.
Destruction of the Temples
First Temple: Destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE.
Second Temple: Destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE.
Commemoration on Tisha B’Av
Despite the actual historical events likely occurring on different days (and perhaps not even the same exact calendar date), the Jewish tradition has combined these events to be commemorated on the same day, Tisha B’Av (the 9th of Av). This was done for several reasons:

Historical Memory: The alignment of these tragic events around the same time on the Hebrew calendar reinforces the collective memory of Jewish suffering and loss.
Sacred Purpose: Combining these commemorations helps focus the community on mourning and reflection, creating a unified day of fasting and prayer.
Tradition and Rabbinic Decisions: Jewish sages and leaders over centuries have solidified this tradition, seeing it as spiritually significant to commemorate these events together.
Other Tragedies Commemorated
Tisha B’Av also commemorates other tragic events in Jewish history that occurred around this time, further reinforcing the significance of this date.

Gregorian vs. Hebrew Calendar
Hebrew Calendar: Lunisolar calendar with 12 or 13 months, each month beginning with the new moon.
Gregorian Calendar: Solar calendar with 12 months, each year approximately 365.25 days.
Conclusion
While the destructions of the First and Second Temples likely did not occur on the exact same calendar date, Jewish tradition has combined these events for commemoration on Tisha B’Av for sacred and historical reasons. This day serves as a powerful reminder of the tragedies in Jewish history and the resilience of the Jewish people.

what was the propaganda related to these expulsions?
Expulsion from England: In 1290, the Jews were expelled from England.
Expulsion from Spain: In 1492, the Jews were expelled from Spain.
ChatGPT
The expulsions of Jews from England in 1290 and Spain in 1492 were significant events in Jewish history and were accompanied by various forms of propaganda that sought to justify and promote these actions. Here is an overview of the propaganda related to these expulsions:

Expulsion from England (1290)
Context
King Edward I: The expulsion was ordered by King Edward I on July 18, 1290, through the Edict of Expulsion.
Reasons: Economic, social, and religious factors contributed to the decision, including debt owed to Jewish moneylenders, pressure from the Church, and popular anti-Semitic sentiments.
Propaganda and Justifications
Religious Justifications:

Accusations of Deicide: Jews were often accused of being responsible for the death of Jesus Christ. This religious accusation was propagated by the Church and contributed to widespread anti-Semitic beliefs.

Blood Libel: False accusations that Jews used the blood of Christian children in religious rituals were used to incite fear and hatred.
Economic Motives:

Moneylending and Usury: Jews were commonly involved in moneylending, a profession often restricted to them due to Christian prohibitions against usury. Propaganda depicted Jews as greedy and exploitative moneylenders, exacerbating economic resentment.
Debt Forgiveness: By expelling the Jews, the Crown could cancel debts owed to Jewish moneylenders, benefiting indebted nobles and citizens.
Social and Political Pressure:

Scapegoating: Jews were often scapegoated for various social and economic problems. Propaganda portrayed them as a corrupting influence and an alien presence within Christian society.
Church Influence: The Church played a significant role in spreading anti-Jewish sentiment, urging monarchs to take action against Jews to purify Christian society.

Expulsion from Spain (1492)
Context
Catholic Monarchs: The expulsion was ordered by Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile on March 31, 1492, through the

Alhambra Decree.

Reasons: The Reconquista had recently concluded with the fall of Granada, and the unification of Spain under Christian rule intensified efforts to consolidate religious homogeneity.
Propaganda and Justifications
Religious Justifications:

Inquisition: The Spanish Inquisition, established in 1478, aimed to identify and punish heresy. Propaganda from the Inquisition portrayed Jews as heretics and enemies of the faith.

Conversos and Crypto-Judaism: Many Jews had converted to Christianity (conversos), but were suspected of secretly practicing Judaism (crypto-Judaism). Propaganda suggested that expelling all Jews would eliminate this threat to Christian purity.
Economic Motives:

Confiscation of Wealth: The expulsion allowed the Crown to confiscate Jewish property and wealth, providing a financial boost to the state.
Economic Competition: Jews were often successful in trade, finance, and various professions. Propaganda painted them as unfair competitors who undermined Christian economic interests.
Social and Political Pressure:

National Unity: The expulsion was framed as necessary for achieving religious and national unity. Propaganda emphasized the need for a unified Christian kingdom free from Jewish influence.
Scapegoating: Similar to England, Jews were scapegoated for various societal issues, and propaganda depicted them as a corrupt and destabilizing force.

Impact of Propaganda
Public Perception: The propaganda used in both England and Spain played a crucial role in shaping public perception and justifying the expulsions. It fueled anti-Semitic sentiments and created an environment where such drastic measures were seen as acceptable and necessary.
Long-term Consequences: The expulsions had devastating effects on the Jewish communities in both countries, leading to loss of life, displacement, and economic hardship. The use of propaganda to dehumanize and vilify Jews set a precedent for future persecutions in Europe.

Conclusion
The expulsions of Jews from England and Spain were heavily influenced by propaganda that combined religious, economic, and social justifications. These narratives served to dehumanize the Jewish population, making it easier for rulers to carry out these actions with public support or indifference. Understanding the role of propaganda in these historical events highlights the dangerous power of misinformation and prejudice in shaping societal attitudes and policies.

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were there actually christian restrictions on money lending in 1290 AD, aka usury, and what is the origin of the word usury.

———————————————————————
ChatGPT
Christian Restrictions on Money Lending in 1290 AD
Historical Context
During the medieval period, the Christian Church had strict teachings against usury, which is the practice of charging interest on loans. These teachings were rooted in various biblical passages and the writings of early Church Fathers.

Biblical Prohibitions:

Old Testament: Several passages in the Old Testament condemn usury, especially when lending to fellow Israelites. For instance, Exodus 22:25, Leviticus 25:35-37, and Deuteronomy 23:19-20 prohibit charging interest to the poor or to fellow Jews.
New Testament: The New Testament, while less explicit on the issue, includes teachings on compassion and aiding those in need without expecting anything in return (Luke 6:34-35).
Church Fathers and Councils:

Early Church Fathers: Influential Christian thinkers such as St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas condemned usury. They argued that it was immoral to make a profit from lending money, as money itself was not productive.
Church Councils: Various Church councils, including the Lateran Councils, issued decrees against usury. The Third Lateran Council (1179) and the Second Lateran Council (1139) explicitly condemned the practice and imposed penalties on those who engaged in usury.
Canon Law:

Canon law, the legal system of the Catholic Church, included strict prohibitions against usury. It was considered a grave sin, and usurers could be excommunicated and denied a Christian burial.
Impact on Jews
Due to these restrictions, Christians were often prohibited from engaging in money lending. This created an economic niche that was filled by Jews, who were not bound by the same religious restrictions and often became moneylenders and financiers. This role, however, led to resentment and further anti-Semitic sentiments, which were exploited during events such as the expulsion from England in 1290.

Origin of the Word “Usury”
The term “usury” has an interesting etymology that reflects its changing connotations over time.

Etymology:

Latin Roots: The word “usury” comes from the Latin word “usura,” which means “interest” or “payment for the use of money.” The Latin root “usus” means “use,” indicating a fee charged for the use of money.
Historical Usage:

Middle Ages: During the medieval period, “usury” referred to any interest charged on loans, which was generally considered immoral and prohibited by the Church.
Modern Usage: Over time, the term has evolved. In modern financial contexts, “usury” typically refers to the practice of charging excessively high or illegal interest rates on loans, which is distinct from charging reasonable interest, which is now widely accepted.
Conclusion
In 1290 AD, there were indeed Christian restrictions on money lending, rooted in biblical teachings and reinforced by Church Fathers, canon law, and Church councils. These restrictions created an environment where Jews, not bound by the same religious laws, often became moneylenders, leading to economic roles that could breed resentment and justify persecution.

The word “usury” originates from the Latin “usura,” meaning interest or payment for the use of money. Historically, it referred to any interest charged on loans, but in modern times, it denotes excessively high or unethical interest rates. Understanding these historical and linguistic contexts helps to illuminate the complex relationships between religion, economy, and societal attitudes during the medieval period.

stock here: They want to flex their media control. Look at me!! I did this to you…..the most ridiculous, blatant ticket.

https://www.zerohedge.com/political/josh-shapiro-downplays-idf-volunteerism-service-project-wikipedia-scrubs-evidence

It seems inevitable that Gov. Josh Shapiro (D-Pa.) is going to be chosen as Kamala Harris’s running mate. 

Assuming this is correct, the goal of selecting Shapiro is to put Pennsylvania back in play for the Democratic ticket—if not completely out of play for Donald Trump. But, Shapiro’s Jewish heritage and pro-Israel positions are likely to cause a real problem with the far left. Shapiro is one of the only candidates that is outwardly auditioning to be Kamala’s running mate, and sadly, he’s already trying to memory-hole his support of Israel.

First is the way he’s distancing himself from his past position that peace “will never come” to the Middle East and that a two-state solution wasn’t likely to succeed.

stock here: A movie for our generation. There was also the Andromeda Strain.

stock here: let me be the first to coin the “War On Superfoods”. Cocoa, aka Dark Chocolate is a superfood. Cinnamon is a superfood, I put in coffee sometimes, or a smoothie. Remember during the pandemic when “they” came out to take pot shots at aspirin, saying that there really is no proof that it prevent heart attacks. Aspirin, is an anti-clotting agent, and a prime effect of Spike S is clotting, micro-strokes, and damage in the organs. Not just shame on them, we really ought to sue them, and jail them.

Here is the article on Cocoa:

https://www.zerohedge.com/medical/certain-dark-chocolates-contain-high-level-heavy-metals-study-finds