So You Are Thinking About an Electric Vehicle (EV), Solid Advice on the Charging Setup

OK here is some free consulting.   LOL you get what you pay for.

In selecting a vehicle and charging system, one formula is very basic and very important.   But don't turn your brain off even if you don't want to do calcs, you don't have to, just follow along.

 W=V*A

Voltage will always be 240V on a 2 Phase (which uses a 2 pole breaker), in your area that might be 230V no big difference in the calcs.

 

The Average peak charging rate shown in the spreadsheet is 6.6 kW, plug that in and solve for Amps

6600 W=240 *A

AMP= 27.5

The other main max charging rates are 10kW, and for the Tesla an option for 20kW

10,000 =240 * A    solves A for 41.67A

20,000 = 240 * A   solves A for  83.33A

Now a very important observation from over a decade of solar PV work, and the NEC (National Electric Code) has been slowly adopting more conservative codes to reflect  that fact that solar circuit often operate near peak load, and for a long time.   This means the wires heat up over time, and over time the insulation takes a beating, as well as the connections whether they are wire nutted or bolted.    

The main effect of Amperage is in selecting wire size, at least in conventional systems.    But PV electric systems, and car charging system are similar in one important way, and so the knowledge gleaned from PV systems is directly applicable to EV Charging systems, and that similarity is that they both run near peak amperage for long periods of time, many hours.   This creates heat, and also losses, and the higher the heat, the higher the losses, so it is like a cat chasing it's tail. 

One other aspect of PV, because of the heat issue, is that the most recent codes require that any wire that is in a run of conduit, that is situated where it can be directly lit by the sun must be further “derated” and this simply means you must jump up one wire size from the other calculations which also have some conservatism built into them.

I will introduce quickly one other concept that is affected by wire and breaker sizing – the amount of electricity lost while running through the wire (it’s lost as heat).    The smaller the wire the bigger the loss.   In most modern electrical systems, it is almost always a no-brainer to upsize the wire as the additional cost will be more than paid for by lower losses. 

The minimal “derate” on solar PV is done by multiplying the expected Amps time 125%, and sometimes this is also multiplied by another 125%.    125% *125% = 156%

If you take the 27.5A Charging amp above and use the 156% multiplier you get 42.9A, which would use a 50A 2 Pole breaker.  

So yes, a 50A 240V (2 Pole) circuit would be pretty comfortable for all the currently available electric cars.

How about the Volkswagen at 7.2kW charging rate?

7200 W = 240 *A = 30 A

30A *156% = 46.8A

You work out the numbers for the BMW at 7.4kW --- try it, there is no rocket science here.   You will leave your EV or PV “Salesman” in the dust though, with just this amount of knowledge.

The Tesla at 20kW

20,000 = 240 * A   solves for 83.33 A times 156% would be 130A in this conservative calc, and even using a 125% multiplier would be 104A. 

It should be clear if you are following that a 50A 2 Pole service (or breaker if you will) would be definitely pushing the limit to charge the Tesla at the 10kW rate, and may even violate local codes.   The manufacturers of the car and charger may also have their own requirements, which you can never go under, but you can definitely, and probably should, go over in picking breaker and wire size.

Electricians will probably want to “bid” the smallest breaker and wire size, not for your long term benefit, but because they want a better chance of winning bid, and if they upsize your wire and breaker to get you the safer system and the one with less power losses over time, they will lose the bid.     So be aware, they will convincingly try to assure you the smaller wire and breaker is “fine” and meets code. 

And back to the concept of electrical losses, the bigger wire and breaker will provide less electricity losses, especially on system that run often and for many hours.     So I wouldn’t necessarily rip out a 40A charging circuit, and replace it with a 50A because that project cost would probably not be justified.    But if designing fresh, I would almost always choose the 50A as the upgraded cost is minimal.

One final thought.    You might be designing a charging system for a Chevy Volt at 3.3kW.   That only gives you 11 Miles for each hour of charging.   That might be really inconvenient at times, you may want a quicker charge rate.      You might “put up with that” on your first EV, but I strongly feel that as time goes on, people are going to insist on faster charging rates, and future vehicles and chargers will require a fast, strong shot of electricity --- big Amps.    So doing it right, once, and on the first system, makes a lot of sense.    Doing it over can cost A LOT more, and with less electricity losses, doing the larger system gives you benefits right out of the gate, even if your second EV is many years down the road.  

Stock out

Model	Max Charge	~Miles Added Per Hour	100% Electric or PHEV
Audi A3 e-tron	3.3 kW	11	PHEV
BMW i3	7.4 kW	25	100% Electric / REx
Cadillac ELR	3.3 kW	11	PHEV
Chevy Spark EV	3.3 kW	11	100% Electric
Chevy Volt	3.3 kW	11	PHEV
Fiat 500e	6.6 kW	22	100% Electric
Ford C-Max Energi	3.3 kW	11	PHEV
Ford Fusion Energi	3.3 kW	11	PHEV
Ford Focus Electric	6.6 kW	22	100% Electric
Honda Accord Plug-In Hybrid	6.6 kW	22	PHEV
Hyundai Sonata Plug-in Hybrid	3.3 kW	11	PHEV
Kia Soul EV	6.6 kW	22	100% Electric
Mercedes B-Class Electric	10 kW	29	100% Electric
Mercedes S550 Plug-in Hybrid	3.3 kW	11	PHEV
Mercedes C350 Plug-in Hybrid	3.3 kW	11	PHEV
Mitsubishi i-MiEV	3.3 kW	11	100% Electric
Nissan LEAF	3.3 kW / 6.6 kW	11 / 22	100% Electric
Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid	3.6 kW / 7.2 kW	12 / 24	PHEV
Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid	3 kW	10	PHEV
Smart Electric Drive	3.3 kW	11	100% Electric
Tesla Model S	10 kW / 20 kW	29 / 58	100% Electric
Tesla Model X	10 kW / 20 kW	29 / 58	100% Electric
Toyota Prius Plug-In	3.3 kW	11	PHEV
Volkswagen e-Golf	3.6 kW / 7.2 kW	12 / 24	100% Electric

Massive Change In Melting Point of Plutonium Published 6 Months After Fukushima

stock here -- The Nukists did not understand a very important property of "the most dangerous element on earth" that they were "playing with".     That element being Plutonium in PuO2 form.

Research released in Sept 2011 (6 months after Fukushima) showed a decrease in the temperature difference between melting and boiling (gas) point.   Prior to Fukushima, they thought they had a "comfort zone" of 350F, but after Fukushima their tests showed the comfort zone was a lot less comfortably at just 56F.      

So Plutonium can rapidly flash from a solid to a gas!
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razzz

August 8, 2017 at 5:11 pm · Reply

TEPCO thinks graphite melts? It vaporizes. At what temperature? Over 7,0000F degrees. Unless they know something else was going on inside Unit 3's reactor vessel (higher pressures, etc) they are still guessing to what happened.
Mock setups for meltdowns show fuel melts and collects in a blob to heat up the bottom of the reactor vessel then blasts out the bottom all at once with the help of overpressure from off-gassing. The iron bottom of the reactor vessel is going to glow red and give way long before any graphite does.
Unit 2 shows a hole in the grating from a hot blob passing thru. I suppose outer fringes of the reactor bottom might survive with some control rods and drive equipment intact below.
Simplyinfo has a pic of Unit 5's pedestal area in pristine condition to compare against.
From what I read, after Unit 4 blew, then Unit 3 pressures dropped. Possibly showing they might have been linked via tunnels and piping.
Doubt Unit 4's pool was ever hot enough to meltdown so melted fuel fallout releases were less possible. Might have been a lot of off-gassing (rod tube pressure failure) and some zirconium reactions there but not a lot of irradiation like at Unit 3 (neutron bombardment).
Still would like to know where all the scattered fuel pellets came from.
Unit 3's spent fuel condition will be hidden with the new cover being put in place.

Report comment

• CodeShutdown

  August 8, 2017 at 5:39 pm · Reply

  razzz if you run past that info about U3 pressure reducing when U4 blew, make sure you post it. Ive never seen that, that I recall.
  This is not to go against your info about vaporization of graphite but I have seen graphite melted somehow with my own eyes. It looked like a black moon surface. Related to a nuclear reaction…
  How can we know what the conditions in U4 sfp were? If there was a freshly unloaded fuel load, then how different is it than fuel in a shutdown RPV? Except no RPV pressure. Recall that large releases have been reported in the literature from U4. Also high neutron flux was reported there also
  
  

  • stock

    August 8, 2017 at 5:50 pm · Reply

    Methinks the scattered fuel pellets at R4 shown in the header of my website, were experimental MOX they were planning on tossing into R4, recently souped up with a new reactor shroud, sitting on top of the used fuel. Many looked barely damaged.
    
    

• stock

  August 8, 2017 at 5:43 pm · Reply

  razzz, I didnt verify for Fuku, but nuclear fuel is usually UO2, melts at 5189F. But in the presence of oxygen (air or water) it will turn back in U3O8 at around 1600F, which will then melt at 2100F,
  which then boils to U02 (again) at 2370F.
  With MOX they also have PuO2 which melts at 2744F, but just milliseconds later in a uncontrolled chain reaction, will turn to gas at 2800F
  hmmmm, do ya thinks all that Pu may have been gifted to the atmosphere via stretched reactor bolts and the most of it that melted through the reactor vessel and then "flashed off" to a gas just 56F after turning to a melt?
  Did that massive pressure increase when turning into a gas, compress all the water vapor, thus changing the "reactivity" and thus creating a Moderated Prompt Criticality.
  
  

  • stock

    August 8, 2017 at 5:47 pm · Reply

    Also quite curious, in September of 2011, the Journal of Nuclear materials published a big change in the melting point of PuO2, from 2450F up to 2744F. They discovered that using lasers.
    Hmmm….so they figured out there is just a razors edge between between solid to liquid to flashing to gas at 2800F.
    What else happened in 2011? Methinks they were investigating something of great interest to me.
    
    

    • stock

      August 8, 2017 at 5:55 pm · Reply

      http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002231151000721X

Tokyo To Gracefully Bow Out Of The Olympics?

Bowing out of the Olympics -- It would be the right thing to do, and as shown below, others have strategized on how us citizen scientists could make it happen.

Send the top athletes, the ones with top physical genetics in the world, into a land with pervasive radiation, is nothing short of insane.   It's a political stunt, and the negative ramifications should be clear and spoken loudly.

At the bottom of this post is a summary of why so much dangerous absurdity happens around radiation -- Power, Money, Control

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irhologram
 

August 8, 2017 at 9:46 am · Reply

 

2 yrs. ago, we targeted Olympic athletes to serve as news media "hooks" raising public awareness, contacting athletes directly, launching a media PR campaign creating a "news story," and building continuing media coverage based on responses.

I recommended waiting…until we had bite-sized info to release that was closer to the event.

This "top-of-mind" window is what we were waiting for:

"…considerably more radioactive than current radiation models anticipated. If ingested, these more radioactive particles increase the risk of suffering a future health problem…
…"hot particles are small mobile pieces of radioactive elements that can be breathed in, drunk or eaten in food. The fragments can then become lodged in bodily tissue where they will emanate high-intensity ionizing radiation for months or years, damaging and twisting cells, potentially causing myriad diseases and cancer…

"Comparing external radiation to hot particles inside the body is an inappropriate analogy,” Gundersen told EnviroNews in an email. “Hot particles deliver a lot of energy to a very localized group of cells that surround them and can therefore cause significant localized cell damage.”…"
An interview article was published in the magazine “Monthly Japan” (September 2015), titled "An honorable retreat from the Tokyo Olympic Games”. Reactions at that time were said to be "noteworthy and expanding…"
cont.


Assertions were that the Tokyo Olympic Games divert attention from Fukushima and give the the world the false impression that Fukushima no longer poses a threat. The article opined that advancement of the Tokyo Olympic Games was at the expense of the funds needed to address environmental disasters created by the destroyed Fukushima nuclear reactors… 

The article states that the future of the Olympic Games themselves is at stake, because the very spirit of the Games and the Olympic Movement require an honorable retreat, and so that Japan can devote maximum effort to control the Fukushima crisis.

http://www.olympic.org/ioc-commissions/documents-reports-studies-publications
I don't have time right now to re-outline the extensive campaign I presented here, complete with Olympic athletes, their contact info, and a long list of e-mail addresses for media mouthpieces.
Here is a site to source athlete lists:

https://www.olympic.org/athletes-space

When I suggested getting started on this, folks here said I was a pompous and controlling attention seeker, and that the idea of not continuing to do nothing, but instead to "work" toward a better world was patently offensive to happy bloggers. Lol 

So…I just drop in from time to time with editorials about impacting stories… And watch you lot's pastime of tearing each other limb from limb. I do get nuggets now and then, but the "gold" is usually buried in a mountain of you know what. Lol <com-post>

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------BanReactorsForever

August 8, 2017 at 1:48 pm · Reply

Note how Tepcon has been lying to everyone the entire time.
They lied about rad releases.
About meltdowns.
About meltouts.
About the spent fuel fires at reactor 4.
Tepcon tried to bullshit us with that easily disprovable "reactor 4 spen fuel pool removal" video!
 Tepcon and the nukers are serial liars.
We all know this.

They have an established historical pattern of releasing false pics, vids and statements which are often not even from the same location.

Dana and others have proved that the R4 sfp vids are fakes. Just look at the building!!!

Why should we believe Tepcon is now suddenly showing the public truthful images of the current condition of Reactor 3??? Anyone can find pics of the exterior condition of reactor 3 after it went prof critical nuclear dirty bomb mode and EXPLODED with a massive black mushroom cloud blowing towards Tokyo that day.

Do we really think that Tepcon is not just showing the public some "reactor 3" images that are, once again, just images from a different reactor? T

epcon has an established historical pattern of lying to the public.
They lied about the meltdowns. They lied about the meltouts.

They lied about radiation levels – repeatedly. They definitely lied about the R4 sfp vids. Why should we believe them now?

• Jaonth

  August 8, 2017 at 3:07 pm · Reply

   

  You're right that "Tepcon has been lying to everyone the entire time." But there's a much bigger truth behind that: the truthful facts on radiation toxicity have been carefully obfuscated for ages by all nations profiteering from nuclear energy, medical radiation, and nuclear weaponry, such as the US, France, Russia, India, or Japan.
  
  The conventional medical-dental industries and the nuclear-military industries (=the radiation cartel) have been, for well over half a century, perpetually lying about, and minimizing, the true toxicity of ionizing radiation (e.g resorting to false sneaky comparisons between radiation exposure from sunlight or an airplane flight to a dental or medical x-ray or the exposure to nuclear fallout, etc. to deliberately deceive the unwitting public) to avoid culpability for the huge number of deaths and injuries that they're responsible for (discussed and well referenced in the book "The Mammogram Myth" by Rolf Hefti — outline at http://www.supplements-and-health.com/mammograms.html ).
  You can recognize the global grip of this powerful big money cartel by the ominous absence in the reporting of the allied corporate mass media (the mainstream fake news media) about the ongoing severe disaster at Fukushima, or by any of the solid proofs about the frauds this criminal evil cartel is involved in. You can find out more about that from Dr. Chris Busby, Dr. Helen Caldicott and others who are not tied to the corrupt radiation cartel.
  
  

  • stock

    August 8, 2017 at 3:28 pm · Reply

    Jaonth, great comment. Somehow, we might be able to shame individual actors (TEPCO) into some proper response, but indeed, it is the overall Radiation Cartel and it's links to the big money big power interests all the way from Uranium mining, to Waste Site Cleanup.
    
    

    
    

Record High Temperatures -- Only 2 New Highs Set In USA in 20 Years.

stock here: this was surprising.    Also note that almost half of the State's record highs occurred between 1930 and 1936.

Nuclear energy Is Dying, It's Too Costly, After $14B They Throw In The Towel In South Carolina

stock here:   Japan's Toshiba owns Westinghouse Electric.   Westinghouse was trying to also design a new smaller nuclear reactor, AP1000, and failed on that too.  Westinghouse went bankrupt, and No one wants to complete the deal

The cost to complete almost doubled.   Nuclear is dying, but not fast enough.     

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

S.C. utilities halt work on new nuclear reactors, dimming the prospects for a nuclear energy revival

https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/sc-utilities-halt-work-on-new-nuclear-reactors-dimming-the-prospects-for-a-nuclear-energy-revival/2017/07/31/5c8ec4a0-7614-11e7-8f39-eeb7d3a2d304_story.html?utm_term=.4b2ee0a69007  

 

After Fukushima, Shark Attacks in Hawaii up 299%

http://dlnr.hawaii.gov/sharks/shark-incidents/incidents-list/

This is my original work.    I have seen others, let's call them Shark Apologists, pretending that there is no increase in shark attacks.   Or pretending that the increase can be explained 100% by more people in the water.

I would say 90% of the increase can be explained by destruction of the Pacific food chain.

 A few other articles also--submitted by a reader

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http://skepchick.org/2014/03/bad-chart-thursday-shark-attack-risk-increases-1200-in-hawaii/


The trend in Hawaii is DISTURBING.
Okay, okay, so this probably just means an increase in activity in the water. For California, for example, you can see a relationship between victim activity and number of attacks in this ISAF chart, which you can get to from the main ISAF Stats, Trends, and Analysis page.
You might notice something very suspicious, however. The same data appear to be missing for Hawaii.
What is Hawaii hiding?

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http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/great-white-shark-numbers-rising-cape-cod/

 

NOAA Doubles Down on Whale Deaths -- Since Fukushima, The Number of Unusual Mortality Events Has Dropped Sharply

Wow, Just Wow.    I logged into NOAA site today, and was amazed at their audacity in lying about

the incredible number of mass die-offs.

http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/health/mmume/events.html

One of their tricks is to group UME's from 2016 and 2017 into one UME.   Poof!    The stats look much better.

Then they lumped 2013 to 2017 California Sea Lion UME's into ONE UME!   Shameful!

Looking at this colorful chart, one would assume the oceans have never been in better shape.

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Nukepro busted NOAA big time, about the cause of Marine Deaths, pretending that it was all about Domoic Acid, even though testing showed only a very small percentage was Domoic Acid.   Article here---

http://www.nukepro.net/2015/11/noaa-lying-about-cause-of-ocean-mammal.html

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After lumping the  2013 to 2017 California Sea Lion UME's into ONE UME, NOAA then has the disrepect to truth to also lump the Guadalupe Fur Seal UME in that same UME.

2015-2017 Guadalupe Fur Seal Unusual Mortality Event in California

Guadalupe fur seal undergoing rehabilitation.  Photo Credit: The Marine Mammal Center, NMFS Permit No. 932-1905 and 18786

Increased strandings of Guadalupe fur seals have occurred along the entire coast of California.  Guadalupe fur seals strandings began in January 2015 and were eight times higher than the historical average.  Strandings peaked from April through June 2015 and have since lessened.

stock here---see above...they are pretending "the problem is over, almost".   But if you look at the statistics for 2017, through July 1 2017 one can see that the problem dropped a bit in 2016 but 2017 looks like it is back in full force if you extrapolate to the end of 2017.

From the NOAA "information"

 Another Method of NOAA lying is to called "Starving to Death" as Malnutrition.

I sent an Email to NOAA to ask them about this misreporting.   If I get an answer back I will update the article.

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If you do a Google Search for Mass Die-Offs <year> you will get an amazing display of what is really going on. 
http://www.end-times-prophecy.org/animal-deaths-birds-fish-end-times.html

At this site, I found a 2017 Mass Die Off of 82 massive dolphins that are 15 to 20 feet long and called False Killer Whales.

http://www.reuters.com/article/us-florida-whales-idUSKBN1511IF



And then while researching that unlisted UME, came across a similar stranding/death of Dozens of Pilot Whales in 2013.
http://articles.latimes.com/2013/dec/04/nation/la-na-nn-whales-everglades-trapped-20131204

And just yesterday, reports of mass die-offs of Right Whales in Canada.

And more links from Lot's Wife

http://www.capecodtimes.com/news/20170804/researchers-consider-next-steps-after-latest-whale-deaths

http://dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/environmental-environnement/narightwhale-baleinenoirean/index-eng.html

http://www.timescolonist.com/gulf-of-st-lawrence-whale-deaths-a-mortality-disaster-american-expert-says-1.20849095

“Something is wrong with right whales,” he said. “It’s hard to know what. Part of it is entanglement and ship strikes but there is all this other stuff,” said Charles “Stormy” Mayo, who runs right whale ecology studies at the Center for Coastal Studies in Provincetown.

The 10 whale carcasses found in Canadian waters is serious but not a death knell for the population, said Mark Baumgartner, a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution scientist who is head of the North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium.

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http://www.foxnews.com/great-outdoors/2017/04/28/humpback-whales-dying-at-alarming-rate-off-east-coast.html


here is the email to the NOAA "Spokesperson"
Jennifer.Goebel@noaa.gov

She got mail also.   Will advise any response.